When I first stepped into a health and safety role many years ago, I didn’t expect it to shape how I view work and life. Back then, I was managing safety at a precious metals refinery, juggling high-stakes environments with the everyday challenges of keeping people safe.
One incident, in particular, still stands out—a minor lapse in safety led to an injury that could have been much worse. That moment reinforced for me just how vital it is for everyone to take ownership of workplace safety.
The numbers speak volumes: each year, nearly 2.78 million people lose their lives to work-related illnesses and accidents. That’s 7,500 people a day.
Another 395 million workers globally sustain non-fatal injuries on an annual basis, with sectors like agriculture, construction, fishing and mining being the occupations most at risk.
It’s a staggering statistic, but it’s more than just a number. These are fathers, mothers, friends, and colleagues—lives cut short and families left grieving.
So, who is responsible for workplace health and safety?
The simple answer is everyone. The HASAWA clearly establishes that workplace safety isn’t a single person’s burden.
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Employer responsibilities to workplace safety
The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 spells out their duties clearly. Employers hold the largest share of responsibility for ensuring their workplace is safe. It’s a legal, moral, and practical necessity.
This means that they must:
- Conduct risk assessments: Every employer needs to conduct risk assessments to identify potential hazards. That means checking for anything that could cause harm – whether it’s dangerous machinery, harmful chemicals, or even something as simple as clutter in the workplace. You have to know the risks before you can manage them.
- Provide training and protective equipment: It’s one thing to put up safety signs, but employers need to go further. They have to train employees on the risks they might face and how to handle them. Take, for example, construction sites. It’s more thn having hard hats and high-vis vests. Workers need proper training on how to use equipment safely, how to handle hazardous materials, and how to perform tasks like manual handling.
- Establish clear safety policies & communicate risks transparently: Employers must have a written health and safety policy in place, especially if they have five or more employees. This policy should cover procedures for emergencies, first aid, fire safety, and more. Also, it’s recommended to keep records of accidents and incidents. And regularly update safety procedures.
- Protective measures: Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is a non-negotiable. I’ve seen too many places where PPE was either not provided or used incorrectly. As an employer, you need to supply the right PPE (free of charge) and make sure employees know how to use it properly. I always say, “safety is free, but ignoring it can cost a lot.”
- Maintain safe environments: From clean restrooms to properly functioning machinery, it’s the little things that matter. Employers must also accommodate vulnerable workers, like pregnant employees or those with disabilities. If you work in an office, this might just mean making sure the heating works and that the fire exits are clear. In construction or manufacturing, it’s a bit more intense.
Additionally, the HSE emphasizes that employers need to continuously review and improve safety practices.
Failing to meet these responsibilities can result in hefty fines, legal action, and, worse, preventable tragedies.
Beyond the financial cost, no business owner wants the stigma of being “that company” where a serious injury or fatality occurred.
Employee responsibilities to health & safety
I can’t tell you how many times I’ve had people say, “Isn’t it the employer’s job to keep us safe?” Well, yes and no.
Employees also have a role to play, and it’s just as important. A safe workplace isn’t a top-down thing – it’s everyone’s responsibility.
According to the HSE, workers have a duty to:
- Take care of themselves: This includes using PPE, following training, and staying alert. Take breaks. Adjust your posture. These simple actions can prevent accidents.
- Report Hazards: From my time at a refinery, I remember that a worker noticed a small leak in a chemical storage area. It could’ve been a disaster, but they reported it immediately, and it was fixed before anything serious happened. This is the kind of proactive safety culture that saves lives.
- Participate in training: Employees must attend safety training sessions and apply the knowledge in their daily tasks.
- Follow workplace Safety protocols: Every employee should be following the safety rules, even if it seems like a hassle. Using PPE isn’t optional. You should also attend all required safety training sessions.
- Speak up: If you spot something unsafe, speak up. Don’t wait for someone else to do it. Whether it’s your supervisor, a safety representative, or even a union rep (if applicable), there’s always someone you can talk to.
How to build a culture of safety
The HSE is the national regulator for workplace health and safety in Great Britain. They inspect, advise, and enforce safety standards across industries. Neglecting workplace safety can lead to crippling fines, lawsuits, and even criminal charges.
Creating a safe workplace means you make safety a part of your company’s DNA. Open communication is key, and everyone needs to be involved.
Regular safety training, refresher courses, and clear signage should be the baseline. I always tell my students that safety is a mindset – everyone should be aware and involved.
So, who is responsible for workplace health and safety?
Workplace health and safety is everyone’s responsibility.
Success comes from combining strong leadership from employers, active participation from employees, and proper oversight from regulatory bodies.
If you’re interested in taking your health and safety knowledge to the next level, consider enrolling in one of our comprehensive courses.
Book your IOSH Managing Safely Course or NEBOSH General Certificate with THS today, and become equipped with the tools to make a positive impact on workplace safety!
